Shortness of Breath
When someone is having trouble breathing, the term “shortness of breath” is often used to describe this symptom. Other terms used to describe breathing trouble include “air hunger” or “labored breathing.” Shortness of breath may have a variety of underlying causes including, but not limited to:
- Progression of the disease process. For example, diseases that affect the lungs or cardiac system may cause shortness of breath.
- Fluid buildup in cavities near the lungs which pushes against the lungs.
- Anxiety.
- Natural changes in the brain chemistry at end of life, leading to various breathing pattern changes.
Regardless of the underlying cause, shortness of breath often causes anxiety. Anxiety, in turn, increases the oxygen demands of the body which then worsens the shortness of breath. Treating both the shortness of breath and its associated anxiety helps to break this cycle.
Non-Pharmacological Methods for Relieving Shortness of Breath
- Use a fan or open a window to allow better air circulation.
- Perform pursed-lip breathing (the hospice nurse can instruct you on this exercise).
- Decrease the room temperature.
- Elevate the head of the bed or sit upright in a chair.
- In some situations, limiting the number of people in the room may lessen the feeling of claustrophobia.
- Eliminate environmental irritants, such as smoke and strong odors.
- Distraction and relaxation.
Pharmacological Methods for Relieving Constipation
Use oxygen as instructed by the hospice nurse. Morphine is known for its pain-relieving benefits but it is also very effective in relieving shortness of breath. Lorazepam is used to treat the anxiety associated with shortness of breath. Consult your hospice nurse before using these medications.